Description
The aim was to identify effective pedagogical conditions for the implementation of physical education as a factor in the emotional stabilisation and psychological adaptation of adolescents in the educational environment. The study was based on a comprehensive approach that combined empirical assessment of the psychological state of pupils with practical modelling and testing of an innovative
pedagogical model. The methodology included comparative analysis, pedagogical experiment and identification of recommendations. During the comparative analysis of pupils from institutions with standard physical activity and increased physical activity, significant differences were found. In particular, in the school with increased physical activity, the level of high social anxiety was 35%, compared to
58% in the standard environment; self-esteem was 4.3 out of 5 points compared to 3.6; communicative activity was 4.0 out of 5 points compared to 2.9. During the formative experiment, the level of school anxiety in the experimental group decreased from 23.1 to 16.4 points; the index of adapted pupils increased from 41.3% to 70.2%; self-esteem increased from 5.2 to 7.8 points; interest in physical
activity increased from 36.7% to 83.3%; the number of positive social contacts increased from 2.4 to 5.9 per pupil. The study proved that physical education, provided it is based on a meaningful and emotionally supportive approach, has a positive effect on the psycho-emotional state of adolescents. It was confirmed that specially organised physical activities using cooperative games, psychogymnastics and breathing practices not only reduce anxiety levels but also improve interpersonal interaction, increase self-esteem and motivation to learn. Specific recommendations have been developed for physical education teachers, class teachers and school psychologists on organising physical activity as a tool for psycho-emotional support and prevention of school maladjustment. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the created and tested model of the influence of physical education on the psychological adaptation of adolescents can be used by physical education teachers, school psychologists and the administration of general education institutions to improve the effectiveness of the educational process and promote the successful socialisation of pupils.
Keywords: Physical activity, social interaction, emotional stability, mental health, anxiety level
